Versatile protein tag, SUMO: Its enzymology and biological function

Versatile protein tag, SUMO: its enzymology and biological function.

Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a member of a ubiquitin-like protein family that regulates cellular function of a variety of target proteins. SUMO and ubiquitin are synthesized as precursors that need to be processed prior to conjugation to target proteins, and their mature forms have a similar tertiary structure. The mechanism for SUMO conjugation is also analogous to that of the ub...

The Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein, PML, and Its Biological Function

SUMO-1 controls the protein stability and the biological function of phosducin.

Phosducin regulates Gbetagamma-stimulated signaling by binding to Gbetagamma subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins. Control of phosducin activity by phosphorylation is well established. However, little is known about other mechanisms that may control phosducin activity. Here we report that phosducin is regulated at the posttranslational level by modification with the small ubiquitin-related mod...

Regulation of Protein Function by SUMO Modification

SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that affects a large number of proteins, many of which are nuclear. While the role of SUMOylation is beginning to be elucidated, it is clear that understanding the mechanisms that regulate the process is likely to be important. Control of the levels of SUMOylation is brought about through a balance of conjugating and deconjugating activities, i.e...

Clinical enzymology and its applications

Clinical Enzymology Enzymes nomenclature, classification, structure and specificity Enzymes, isoenzymes and their relevance in diagnosis Regulation of enzyme levels in serum and plasma Selection of enzyme tests Measurement of isoenzymes and isoforms Some important enzymes in clinical practice Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) Creatine Kinase (CK) Lactate dehydrogenase ...